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A CPO (Charge Point Operator) is responsible for the installation, operation, and maintenance of EV charging stations. A CSMS (Charging Station Management System, also called CPMS or CPO backend) is the software platform through which a CPO manages its infrastructure — including pricing, monitoring, diagnostics, and access control. An eMSP (E-Mobility Service Provider) offers EV drivers access to charging services through apps, RFID cards, or Plug & Charge, allowing them to find, activate, and pay for sessions. Examples of eMSPs include charging companies with apps, automotive OEMs, and fleet managers.

EV roaming is the concept of connecting eMSPs and CPOs so that drivers can find, activate, and pay for charging sessions at public infrastructure using their preferred app or other methods — even on networks they don't have a direct account with. Roaming requires coordination across four levels: legal, technical, commercial, and financial.

Passport Hub is ChargeHub’s EV roaming hub. It acts as a central intermediary connecting CPOs and eMSPs through a single technical integration, a single legal and commercial agreement, and a single financial reconciliation process. When a driver initiates a session on a roaming partner’s station, the hub handles authorization, session tracking, CDR processing, and settlement between the parties.

P2P roaming requires repeated effort across all four roaming levels (legal, technical, commercial, financial) for each new partner, which is slow and hard to scale. A hub approach lets partners connect once and roam with all current and future partners. Passport Hub also supports a hybrid model: connections run through the hub technically and financially, but partners can negotiate special commercial terms for specific connections.

Passport Hub supports all major activation methods: remote activation and payment (app-based), RFID, Plug & Charge, credit card payment terminals, and any other method. It is designed to be the universal link to charging regardless of how the driver initiates a session.

The Passport Membership is an optional annual subscription that waives the per-session roaming fee for the subscribing driver. Memberships can be purchased by the driver directly, offered as gifts, or included in larger packages by the eMSP or a third party. The enrollment and payment process is typically handled entirely by ChargeHub through a link that can be embedded in the eMSP's app. eMSPs are not required to offer or promote the membership to their drivers.

No. In addition to the per-session roaming fee, Passport Hub offers a Passport Membership option — an annual subscription that waives the per-session roaming fee for the subscribing driver. The membership can be purchased by the driver directly or subsidized by the eMSP. Volume discounts are available.

Volume discounts are available on the per-session roaming fee through higher commission tiers. These are calculated on a per-connection, per-currency basis. Special pricing on the CPO's rack rate is not part of the standard Passport Hub agreement, but CPOs and eMSPs can negotiate special commercial terms between themselves, which the hub can pass through.

A transaction fee (%) is retained by the eMSP to cover the credit card processing fees it incurs when collecting payment from its drivers. This commission ensures the CPO's net retained amount is comparable to what it would receive if a combined CPO/eMSP entity had processed the transaction directly.

Yes. eMSPs control the tariff displayed to their users. However, the eMSP is required to pay ChargeHub the full rack rate plus the applicable roaming fee, regardless of the price it bills its drivers. The eMSP keeps the net difference.

Yes, this is possible. It requires a commercial agreement between the parties involved. ChargeHub handles the technical adjustment on the hub side to reflect the waived fee. The outstanding hub portion of the per-session fee is still expected to be paid by one or both parties.

The eMSP collects payment from the driver. The eMSP bills its subscriber for the total session cost, which includes the CPO's base charging fee and the applicable Passport Session Fee (if not waived by a membership).

Yes. While the Passport Hub agreement sets default commercial terms (rack rate pass-through plus roaming fee), CPOs and eMSPs can negotiate special pricing for specific connections. The hub will pass through the appropriate pricing as agreed between the parties.

CPO commissions on the roaming fee depend on the partner's relationship with Passport Hub. A bonified % applies to CPOs roaming exclusively through Passport Hub. Higher volume-based tiers are available on a per-connection basis.

Yes. eMSPs earn commissions on both the per-session roaming fee and Passport Membership revenues. Commission rates on the roaming fee depend on the partner's relationship with Passport Hub. A bonified % applies to eMSPs roaming exclusively through Passport Hub. Higher volume-based tiers are available. eMSPs also earn a payment processing commission.

For a CPO, exclusive roaming means that all its eMSP connections go through Passport Hub. For an eMSP, it means all its CPO connections go through the hub. Partners who route all their roaming through Passport Hub qualify for higher commission rates.

Higher commission tiers are earned based on the volume of roaming fee revenue generated per connection, per month, and per currency. As a partner's volume grows on a specific connection, they can move into higher tiers and earn a larger share of the roaming fee revenue.

On a per-session basis, the CPO sends a CDR to ChargeHub, which adds the applicable roaming fee and forwards it to the eMSP. The eMSP collects funds from its driver. Periodically, the eMSP pays a net settlement to ChargeHub covering all CDRs across all CPOs. ChargeHub then pays each CPO a net settlement amount from all eMSPs. There is one net settlement payment report per currency per calendar month.

ChargeHub is the source of truth for CDRs and settlement amounts. Payment reports are provided monthly and include all CDRs for the period. Any discrepancies identified by partners are investigated by ChargeHub. Partners have 15 business days after receiving a report to raise a discrepancy notice.

Both parties are required to retain all records relating to CDRs and payment reports for a minimum of 3 years after the date the reports are provided, or longer if required by law.

The tax-inclusive model means that the core fees charged to drivers already include sales tax. You don't need to add tax on top of these amounts. Specifically, the CPO's fee (Total CPO CDR total cost) is tax-inclusive, and the Passport Hub roaming fee is tax-inclusive.

ChargeHub is located in Quebec, Canada. When you provide digital services to ChargeHub (earning commissions), those services are considered "supplied" in Quebec under Canadian tax law. If your total sales to Canadian customers exceed $30,000 CAD in any 12-month period, you must register for and remit Canadian taxes.

Your total sales to all Canadian customers in any 12-month period, not just sales to ChargeHub. This includes any other revenue you generate from Canadian clients.

If you exceed the threshold, you must charge 14.975% on your commissions: 5% GST (federal Goods and Services Tax) plus 9.975% QST (Quebec Sales Tax).

Once you exceed the $30,000 CAD threshold, you must: register for GST/HST with the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA), register for QST with Revenu Québec, provide ChargeHub with your tax registration numbers, and begin charging the 14.975% tax rate on your commissions.

You are responsible for taxes on your commission revenue only. This includes your transaction commission (%) and your Passport Session Fee commission. You are not responsible for taxes on the total session costs, as those are handled by the CPO and ChargeHub.

It depends on your total Canadian sales. Under the $30,000 CAD threshold: no, you do not charge tax. Over the $30,000 CAD threshold: yes, you must register for Canadian taxes and charge 14.975% (5% GST + 9.975% QST).

No. The total session cost to you (e.g., $31.25) is already tax-inclusive, and the tax responsibilities are split: the CPO remits tax on their portion, and ChargeHub remits tax on the roaming fee portion.

You have three tax considerations: (1) Station fees — you must remit taxes on the CPO CDR total cost (your station revenue). (2) Commission revenue — you must remit taxes on commissions earned from ChargeHub (if over the $30,000 CAD threshold). (3) eMSP transaction fee — this is handled by ChargeHub (you don't remit this).

Yes. The Total CPO CDR total cost you set is tax-inclusive. You are responsible for declaring and remitting the sales tax included in this amount to the appropriate tax authorities.

It depends on your total Canadian sales. Under the $30,000 CAD threshold: no, you do not charge tax. Over the $30,000 CAD threshold: yes, you must register for Canadian taxes and charge 14.975% (5% GST + 9.975% QST).

CPO Passport Session Fee commissions and CPO commissions on Passport Memberships. These are considered revenue for digital services you provide to ChargeHub.

This is a fee you pay to the hub for each transaction to compensate eMSPs for insured credit card costs. It appears as an expense on your settlement report. ChargeHub is responsible for remitting the taxes on this fee based on your billing address. You do not need to take any action on this.

You remit taxes to the tax authority in the jurisdiction where your charging station is located. For example, if your station is in California, you follow California tax rules. If your station is in Ontario, you follow Ontario tax rules. The tax-inclusive amount you set should account for the taxes applicable in your station's location.

Your settlement report will show your commission amounts (pre-tax), any applicable taxes if you're over the threshold, and clear breakdowns of which party is responsible for each tax component.

ChargeHub can provide information about the requirements, but we cannot provide tax advice. We recommend consulting with a tax professional familiar with Canadian cross-border tax regulations. For GST/HST information, visit the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) at www.canada.ca/taxes. For QST information, visit Revenu Québec at www.revenuquebec.ca.

When a new partner is ready to roam through Passport Hub, ChargeHub notifies existing partners in writing. For CPO partners, acceptance of automaker and fleet eMSP partners is automatic. For other eMSPs, acceptance is assumed if no objection is received within 30 days. Each partner retains the right to decline or withdraw from specific connections.

Yes. Partners can withdraw from roaming with an individual partner without terminating the overall agreement. Notice periods for withdrawal apply.

Each partner is responsible for providing its own customer care to drivers, including those from roaming partners. If a partner cannot resolve an issue, it can be escalated to ChargeHub, which coordinates ticket escalation between the parties.

In most cases, drivers needing help will call the number displayed on the charging station itself. If no number is available, they will typically contact the eMSP through the app. The eMSP's support team (including email-based support) can assist the driver directly or escalate the issue to ChargeHub for resolution.

If a subscriber contacts a partner's customer care for an issue that relates to another party, the contacted partner should attempt to resolve it or escalate to ChargeHub. For CPO-eMSP partners with live phone support, a warm transfer process is expected — the agent stays on the line, explains the issue to the receiving party's support team, and ensures a smooth handoff. ChargeHub can act as an intermediary when multiple parties are involved.

A CPO integration connects Passport Hub to the CPO's backend or CSMS via APIs, typically using the OCPI format (custom formats are also supported). If the CSMS already has a Passport Hub integration, onboarding may simply require generating new tokens. Required modules include: Locations, Tariffs, Commands, Sessions, and CDRs.

An eMSP integration connects the eMSP to Passport Hub via APIs, typically using the OCPI format. For eMSPs without an existing OCPI tech stack who don't plan on integrating with CPOs directly, ChargeHub offers a simpler proprietary format.

The standard protocol is OCPI (Open Charge Point Interface), 2.1.1 or 2.2.1. ChargeHub can also support custom formats for partners with specific requirements. Both parties maintain staging and production environments for testing before going live.